Steam-turbine.



A. BONOIVI.

STEAM TURBINE.

APPLIGATIoN FILED JAN. 24, 191s.

1,076,810.1 Patented o@1;.28,1913.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

A. BONOM.

STEAM TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED JAN. 24, 191s.

1,076,810. Patented Oct. 28, 1913.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

A. BONOM.

STEAM TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED JAN. 24, 1913,

1,076,81G- Patented ()@t.2s,1913.

4 SHEETS-SHBET 3.

A. BONOM.

STEAM TURBINB.

APPLICATION FILED JAN. 24, 1913.

1,076,810. Patented 0ct.28,1913.

4 BHEETSMSHBET 4.

@f6-mgm@ dll lill

LFBED BONOM, 0F PATEBSON, NEW JERSEY.

STEAM-TURBINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Oct. 28, 1913.

vlipplication filed January 24, 1913. Serial'No. 743,969.

To all whom t may concern:

Be it known that l, ALFRED BoNoM, a citizen of the Republic of France,and a resident of Paterson, county of Passaic, and State ot' New Jersey,have invented a new and useful Improvement in Steam-Turbines, oi whichthe following is a specification, the principle of the invention beingherein explained and the best mode in which l have contemplated applyingthat principle, so as to distinguish/it from other inventions.

The present invention, relating as indicated to improvements inturbines, has more particular regard to 'the construction of steamturbines of the kind shown in Letters Patent No. 924,309, granted to me.l une 8, 1909. As in said patented turbine, the steam is designed topass from one chamber to another through cylindrical, or rather annular,passages which increase in sise progressively from the point ofadmission ot the steam to Where it escapes trom the machine.

@ne ot the principal objects of the present invention is the provisionomeans for reversibly operating a turbine oi the kind in hand.

A further object is to simplify the corr struction and assembly ot themachine so that its manufacturing cost may be decreased, and so thatthere Will be less lilielihood oi any derangement or the parts, While atthe same time the machine is made as small and compact as possible, soas to require a. minimum 0i space for the production of a maximum ofpower.

The invention further comprehends improvements in various details, bothin the turbine proper, in the connections for preventing the escape otsteam, and in the bearingstor supporting the rotating parts.

To the accomplishment of the foregoing and related ends, said invention,then, consists oi the means hereinafter tally do scribed andparticularly pointed out in the claims.

The annexed drawin and the following description set forth in detailcertain mechanism embodying the invention, such dis-- closed meansconstitutin however, but one of various mechanical brins in which theprinciple et the invention may be used.

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ments; Fig. 2 is a. corresponding section showing the remainder of thesame turbine,

these two figures complementing each other;

verse sectional views of the bearings for.

sup ort-in the several rotating parts of the tur ine, t e planes ot thevarious sections appearing in these ligures being indicated by the hnesfir- 4, 5*-5, 6-6 and 7--7, Figs. l and 2; Fig. 8 is a developed sectionot a portion of the bearing appearing in Fig. 4, as indicated by thecircular section line 8-8 in said Fig. 4C; Fig. 9 is similarly adeveloped section of a portion of the bearing ap aring in Fig. 6, asindicated by the eircu ar section line 9-9 in said figure; Figs. l() and11 are sectional details of the clutch mechanism whereby the directionof rotation of the turbine ymay be changed from left to right, or rightto left, as desired,

the planes ol these sections being indicated by the lines 10-l0 and11-11, Fig. 1; Fig. l@ is a side elevational View of a portion ofi suchclutch mechanism for changing the direction of rotation, as viewed fromthe lett in Fig. 11; Figs. 13, 14 and 15 are sec tional views of detailsof the clutch mechanism for holding stationary one or the other 0i therotary parts of the turbine, the sections of said figures beingindicated by the lines 13-13, idf-1d and 15-15 in Fig..2; and Figs. 16,17 and 18 are sectionalv ythrough the machine, is supported at itsrespective ends in bearings 2 and 3 carried by trames 4 and 5, which maybe ot' any suitable construction l'lsing from a base 6. The detailedconstruction ot these bearings will be set forth later. Supported uponthe same base 6, and inclosing the rotary` parts of the turbine, is acylindrical casing 7, the ends or heads 8, il, of which havesubstantially steamftight connection with the adjacent rotary parte andare reepec tively provided with steam supply connectis 9; While the drumor cylindrical portion ed said easing is connected with an ena lillhaustopening 10, as will be readily understood. The rotary parts, orrotors as they may be properly termed, are two in number. One, theexterior rotor as I shall term it, is built up of a series of disks 11con! Ahaving spaced inwardly directed disks. The

other, or interior, rotor is likewise built up of a series of disks 15which extend radially outward between the disks 11 of the exteriorrotor, the disks being carried by drum-like sections 16 held together bybolts 17, and non-rotatably secured to the, central shaft of the turbineby keys 18. Said sections of the interior rotor, and thus such rotor inits entirety, are further held against endwisemovement on the shaft 1 bylocking rings or collars 19, as will be readily understood.

The llocation of the several disks of the exterior and interior rotorlongitudinally of the axis of the turbine is such that the successiveannular spaces or expansion chambers A, B, C, D and E formed between theopposing faces of said disks gradually in crease from either end oftheturbine to the center, it being observed that the right and lefthalves of the turbine proper are substantial duplicates of each other,and cor- Vresponding designating characters are hence applied to thecorresponding parts appearing in such two halves. l

Attached to the opposed dislrfaces of the interior and exterior rotoralternately are series of blades 20 and 21, respectively, the size andform of such blades lider-ing in the several annular spaces, but asthese features, as well as the preferred arrangement of the blades, arefully shown by Figs. 1 and 2, taken in conjunction with the severalsections appearing in Fig. 3, it is deemed unnecessar to give anydetailed description ot sai blades. The general shape ot the individualblades there shown, it may' be added, is that` of the blade describedand claimed in lU. S. Patent No. 1,027,309, granted to me May 29, 1912,and the method of attaching said blades to the rotor disks described insaid patent may be advantageously employed in the present constructionof turbine. lt is not meant to imply by the foregoing, however, thatother forms et blades, or methods et rewriting the same, may not beemployed vwith en is live in each of the succeeding chambers B, C, D andE.

The steam, or equivalent'pressure fluid, for operating the turbine isadmitted at each end of the turbine through the supply connections 9into an annular-steam chest 24 formed in the corresponding head 8 ofthecasing 7. This steam chest communicates through a series of openings 25with the inner portion of the first A) of the annular spaces formedbetween t e opposing faces of the rotor disks. Thence the steam passesthrough such space to a chamber 'F connecting the firstof such annularspaces with the seco-nd, the steam being guided in its passage throughsuch Erst lspace by the blades 20 on the one rotor disk so as to reactagainst those 21 on the other, and thus cause rotation of the particularrotor which is tree to rotate, it being understood that one or the otherof the rotors will be held stationary, and thus in effect be a stator,as will be presently explained. Passing 'into the second annular space Bbetween the rotor disks, the steam is permitted to still further expandby reason of the increased cross-sectional area of this space, and inits passage through this space it is guided by the blades on the onerotor so as te react against the blades of the other, as in thepreceding space, or expansion chamber. An annular chamber C, connectsthe inner portion or edge ot this second space B with the third space Cthrough which the steam now passesradially outward to a third connectingchamber H; thence it returns radially inward through the fourth chamberD to a connecting chamber l, and iinally it passes radially outwardthrough the ifth annular space into the last or'i'ifth chamber d, whichopens into the annular space l vietiveen the exterior rotor and thesurrounding druni or casing 7 of the turbine, which, as previouslyexplained, is in communication with the exhaust.

rlie mechanism for securing one or the other ot the rotors againstrotation as desired, thus constituting of the same in effect a stator,comprises simply a shiftable clutch member 26 located between the twobearings 3 and 14, at the lett ot the turbine, in which are journaledthe ends of the central shat't 1 carrying the interior rotor and thecorresponding hollow extension or outer tubular shaft carrying theexterior rotor; the teeth 2l' on said clutch member are adapted toengage with complementary teeth 28 and 29 on either two collars 3G and31 carried by said shaft ends respec tively, said member 26 beingslidable only a direction longitudine1l of the common ot said shafts, sothe particular nor/alato shaft, the collar of which is engaged by saidmember, will be held against rotation, as will be obvious. Any lsuitablelever or a feed screw, as shown, may bel provided for shifting saidclutch member. At the pposite end of the turbine the inner or centralshaft 2, which carries the interior rotor, and the tubular shaft 13surrounding the same, which carries the exterior rotor, terminate inclosely adjacent vertical planes and are respectively provided withexterior lugs or teeth 32 and 33, similar to .gear teeth, such teethforming part of the clutch mechanism for connecting either of saidshafts as desired with the driving shaft 34C, by means of which power iscommuni j cated from the turbine to any machinery which it is desired tooperate. 'lhe abut-- ting end of such driving shaft 34 is provided withlugs or teeth 35 similar to the clutch teeth on such lirst-named shafts,and

a sleeve 36 with interior teeth 37 is mounted' in slidable engagementwith the teeth on said driving shaft. Said sleeve also has interiorteeth 38 at its other end adapted to engage with the teeth 32 or 33 oneither of the two shafts l or 13, depending upon the location of saidsleeve longitudinally of the common axis of said shafts, it beingunderstood that the sleeve remains at all timesin engagement with thedriving shaft 3d. Ardjustment of the sleeve 36 to engage with the inneror outer shaft of the turbine is se- -*will be readily understood.

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will be evident from the foregoing description of the construction oftheclutch mechanism at the respective ends of the turbine, that byrendering stationary one or the other of the two -rotors and connectingthe driving shaft 3d with that rotor which is left free, such drivingshaft may be rotated in either direction as desired, thus rendering theturbine strictly reversible. Such reversal, moreover, may be veryquickly effected by a simple shifting of the two clutch members at therespective ends of the turbine, which shift-ino' may be edectedsimultaneously by a suitable arrangement of connecting gear.

ln order to obviate the necessity of packing the joint between the enddisks of the exterior rotor and the stationary outer casing of theturbine, and the joint between such end disk of the outer rot-or and theadjacent disk of the inner rotor, as also between the latter and suchouter casing, l

provide a series of annular dead air spaces between the opposing facesof the disk and end wall of the casing or the two disks as the case maybe, three sets of such chambers being provided at each end of theturbine. These chambers are formed by a series of circular grooves d3and complementary tongues da, which engage with each other, asl clearlyshown in ligs. l and 2, although not so tightly as to produce anyperceptible friction. Escape of steam through such passages, however, ispractically impossible, and the little that does escape, in the case ofthe outer series of spaces, escapes directly into the exhaust chamber ofthe turbine li, While the inner series of such spaces are likewise'connected with this same exhaust chamber by means of radial pipes d5, asshown, leading from near the airis of the turbine to the chamber inquestion.

it remains to describe the details of the bearings for the rotor shafts,and particularly the special means provided for lubricating saidbearings. its shown in Figs. l, 2, and 4t to 9, inclusive, each of theaforesaid bearings includes a sleeve or bushing d6 in which thecorresponding shaft is directly journaled, said bushing having a seriesof spirally disposed grooves and slots a7, whereby oil received at asuitable point ony the exterior ofthe bushing willbe distributedentirely around the bearing. Such oil is designed to be supplied underpressure by pipes or ducts 48, the excess which escapes being collectedby other chiots llt) leading from the upper side of the respectivebearings. An Oiltight joint is formed bet-Ween the ends of therespective bushings d6 and the corresponding shafts by means of steppedcollars, or flanges 50, fixedly secured on said shafts and snugly`abutting against the said bushings. In the case of the bearing 2 at theright-hand end of the turbine, as illustrated in Fig. l, the bushing 4Gfor the central shaft of the rotor is sup ported within the outershaft-13, which in turn is journaled in a second bushinc 46 suitablyheld in the adjacent portion of the frame. rllhe oil for the innerbea-ring, that of the central shaft in inner bushing liti, is admittedto the grooves and slots l? in said bushing through other slots, orrather apertures 5l, in the outer, tubular shaft 13, as is best shown byFigs. ti and 9.

The general operation of the foregoing described mechanism, constitutingmy improved turbine, should be readily apparent from thedescriptionalready given of its several component parts. The course ofthe steam, which is simultaneously admitted under relatively highpressure at both ends of the machine, follows the series of annular yexpansion chambers A, ll, C, D and E, with their connecting chambers l?,G, ll and l, finally passing into the chamber d, from Sti lill@ vlliwhich it escapes, reduced to its minimum pressure, into the exhaustchamber K formed between the shell of the exterior rotor and the, outercasing of the machine. Each successive expansion chamber, it will beobserved,l is of increased size or crosssectional area., being properlyproportioned in the design of the turbine to the' increase in volumethat accompanies'the decrease in pressure of the steam, or otherpressure fluid, wherewith the machine is being operated. Depending uponthe disposition of the holding-clutch member 26, either the interior orexterior rotor' will be caused to rotate by the force of the steamreacting on the series of blades in the several annular expansionchambers between the rotor-disks, the one rotating when thus free tooperate, in one direction, while the other will turn in the oppositedirection when the clutch member is shifted. The clutch at the other, ordrivin end of the turbine,- will of course be shifte to connect thedriving shaft with whichever rotor is being operated. Aside from thereadiness with which my improved turbine may-be thus reversed indirection, it will be seen to be simple of construction, the severalparts being readily assembled together and forming, in the assembledcondition o-f parts, a compact,'so1id and powerful motor in very smallcompass.

Other modes of applying the principles of my invention may be employedinstead of the one explained, change being made as regards the mechanismherein disclosed,

rovided the means stated by any of the folowing claims or the equivalentof such stated means be employed.

I therefore particularly point out and distinctly claim as myinvention 1. In a turbine, the combination of a central shaft; spacedoutwardly directed disks .carried by said shaft` and constituting aninterior rotor; an exterior rotor surrounding said shaft. and carryinginwardly direc-ted disks alternating with the disks of said interiorrotor, thespaces between the opposing disk-faces of said'interior andexterior rotors successively increasing in size from the intake toexhaust; alternat-in series of blades carried by such opposingdiskfaces; means located at one end for retaining either of said rotorsagainst rotation, as desired; a driving shaft at the other end; andmeans for connecting either of said rotors with saidvdriving shaft, asdesired.

2. In a turbine, the combination of a central shaft; spaced outwardlydirected disks carried by said shaft and constituting an interior rotor;an exterior rotor surrounding said shaft and carrying inwardly di recteddisks alternating with the disks of said interior rotor, the spacesbetweenvthe opposing disk-faces of said interior and ex terior rotorssuccessively increasing in size invasie from the Arespective ends of theturbine to n a central transverse plane; connections for supplyingpressure-fluid to the end spaces and for exhausting the same from thecentral spaces; alternati series of blades carried by suc-h opposingish-faces; and means for retaining either of said rotors againstrotation, as desired.

3. In a turbine, the combination of a central shaft.; spaced outwardlydirected disks carried by said shaft and constituting an interior roter;an exterior rotor surroundin said shaft and carrying inwardly directedisks alternati with the disks of said interior rotor, sai exteriorrotor being formed with tubular extensions at each end rotaa drum havingtubular end eXtenslons rotatably mounted on said shaft and carryinginwardly directed disks alternating with the disks of said interiorrotor; alternating series of blades carried by the opposing faces ofsaid interior and exterior rotors; a driving shaft alined with yone endof said central shaft, a suitable clutch member adapted to connecteither such end of said central shaft, or the corresponding endextension of said exterior rotor with said driving shaft, as desired;and annther shiftable clutch member adapted to engage the other end ofsaid central shaft, or the corresponding endeXt-ension of said exteriorrotor, as desired, and retain the same against rotation.

5. In a turbine; the combination of a central shaft; spaced, outwardlydirected disks carried by said shaft and constituting an interior rotor;an exterior rotor comprising a drumhaving tubular end extensionsrotatably mounted on said shaft and carrying inwardly directed disksalternating with the disks of said interior rotor; alternating series ofblades carried by the opposing faces of said interior and exteriorrotors; spaced bearings at one end of the turbine, respectivelysupporting one end of said shaft and the corresponding end extension ofsaid exterior rotor; and a shiftable clutch member between said bearingsadapted to engage said shaft orfend-eXtension, as desired, and retainthe same againstrotation. Y

6. ln a turbine; the-combination of a centralshaft; spaced, outwardlydirected disks carried by said shaft and eonstituting an interior rotor;an exterior rotor comprising a drumha-vin tubular end extensions rote-Atabiy mounte on said shaft and carrying inwardly directed disksalternating with the disks of said interior rotor; alternati' series' ofblades carried by the opposing aces of said interior and exteriorrotors; spaced bearings at one end of the turbine, respectivelysupporting one end ofY said shaft and exterior rotor; a bear-in su ortithe correspondin end of sai shpft Wliihin said iastname end-extension; adrivin shaft alined lwith the end of the aforesai shaft thus supportedin said last-named end-ex tension; 4and a shitable clutch adapted toconnect said driving shaft and either said end-extension orcorresponding shaft end su ported t erein; t

1gned by me, this 18th day of January, 1913.

Vmorsen BoNoM.

Attested by- D. T. Dnvms, CHRISTINE E. PIRNS.

